Chinese-style modernization, led by the Communist Party of China, embodies a path of socialist modernization that aligns with the country’s fundamental national conditions. It is not only a necessary route for enhancing consumer well-being but also a process whose success is reflected in the sustained improvement of such well-being. As China advances a modernization trajectory characterized by a massive population, common prosperity for all, coordinated development of material and spiritual civilization, harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature, and peaceful development, consumer well-being is expected to be elevated across multiple dimensions, including individual, social, value-based, ecological, and aspirational aspects. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the essential connotations of Chinese-style modernization and consumer well-being, this study explores their deep interconnection and proposes specific pathways for enhancing consumer well-being throughout the modernization process. These include: strengthening whole-process people’s democracy to improve living standards; implementing the common prosperity strategy to ensure more equitable access to consumption opportunities; enriching the spiritual lives of consumers to empower them with inner strength; promoting harmony between humans and nature to foster new patterns of green consumption; and building a community with a shared future for mankind to support inclusive and mutually beneficial international trade.