The construction of quality culture within higher education institutions is pivotal for enhancing educational quality and cultivating innovative talents. However, most application-oriented undergraduate institutions encounter challenges in the development of quality culture, such as a top-heavy focus and insufficient grassroots penetration, leading to insufficient conceptual understanding, inadequate methodologies, and restricted efficacy within grassroots teaching organizations. Taking Nanjing Institute of Technology as an example, this paper elaborates on the conceptual framework, implementation pathways, and practical achievements of quality culture construction based on grassroots teaching organizations, aligning with the characteristics of application-oriented higher institutions. A quality culture framework centered on “student self-motivation, dual-teacher support, and joint learning and creation” is established. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth exploration of the construction pathways for this “dual collaboration” quality culture. This includes team building initiatives for both dual-teacher teams and student groups, fostering student-driven initiatives, and developing institutional mechanisms. Through the implementation of quality culture development initiatives by grassroots teaching organizations within the department of polymer and composite materials at Nanjing Institute of Technology, there has been a notable enhancement in both the quality culture awareness and innovation capabilities of teachers and students, providing a replicable paradigm for the implementation of closed-loop management in fostering the quality culture within application-oriented undergraduate institutions.