The excellent Chinese traditional cultureharbors rich resources for public moral education, which holds important guiding value for enhancing public moral education in contemporary China. Confucian ethical thought is the main component of the excellent Chinese traditional culture and ancient traditional philosophy. Centering on Confucian ethical thought and understanding the dialectical implications of Confucian ethical thought and public moral education through a dialectical and historical lens is pertinent for fortifying public moral education currently. Among them, the ecological focus and precise orientation of public moral education, striving for social harmony and coexistence, along with the avenes of moral probation, integrating morality with enjoyment and observance of rituals in education, represent the primary convergences between Confucian ethical thought and public moral education, underpinned by Marxist materialistic dialectics.