“The People's Liberation Army Capturing Nanjing” written by Mao Zedong is sonorous and forceful, grand in momentum and shows the firm-mindedness. It is a rarity of epic nature. It records the epoch-making event of the People's Liberation Army capturing Nanjing in classic poetic form with many allusions, describing the long history and solidity of Nanjing, demonstrating the irresistible might of the People's Liberation Army, displaying the firm belief of revolutionary resoluteness and the determination of carrying the revolution through to the end. Due to different understanding of the allusions, words and the significance of the battle of crossing the Yangtze River, the translators at home and abroad performed different translator behavior and yielded different potential energy, displaying various styles and producing different effect. It is found that the reasons for this is that the translators were restricted by not only the poetic form of the source text and expression, but also their poetics and aesthetics. Some translators tended to be free in using prosody and rhyme, taking the readers' unfamiliarity with prosody of Chinese poetry into consideration; some translators retained the original style of Mao Zedong's poems, reproducing Mao Zedong's image to the greatest extent and expressing the momentum of Mao Zedong's resolute command. The dual attributes and dual identity of translators determine their choice, within and beyond translation. This article takes consideration of the dimension of society and language, exploring and measuring the different factors that affect translator behavior so as to enrich the theory of translator behavior criticism.