In the 21st century, global biosafety incidents occur frequently and become a major issue affecting the survival and development of mankind. Biosafety involves human, nature, society and other relational dimensions. It is not only an important part of the national security system, but also the core of the construction of ecological civilization. China is an important force in safeguarding world's biosafety. From a holistic perspective of national security, China's biosafety governance is currently facing many challenges and pressures, for instance, inadequate response to biosafety governance, huge challenges brought about by biotechnology risks, a lack of awareness of legal responsibility for biosafety. In addition, national biosafety is subject to external shocks. To improve the national biosafety governance capability, we should take the overall national security concept as a guidance, consolidate the basic framework system of biosafety governance, build a scientific and technological support system for biosafety governance and a legal guarantee system for biosafety governance, and form an international cooperation system for biosafety governance.