This study collected and sorted out the publicly disclosed information of China's photovoltaic agriculture. On this basis, the regional distribution analysis of photovoltaic agriculture was carried out using the comprehensive zoning of sustainable agricultural development and solar energy resources. Furthermore, the concentration ration index and location quotient were used to analyze the agglomeration. We have found that China's photovoltaic agriculture is mostly distributed in areas with abundant agricultural resources and good agricultural production conditions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) China's photovoltaic agriculture is mostly concentrated in the three provinces of East China. (2) From the perspective of specific modes, the agglomeration of fishery-photovoltaic complementary is the strongest. Jiangsu has the best level of specialization in fishery-photovoltaic complementary. Zhejiang's level of specialization in agricultural-photovoltaic complementary is in the forefront of the country. Compared with the other two provinces, Anhui has certain advantages in the level of specialization of photovoltaic greenhouse. (3) At this stage, China's photovoltaic agriculture is mostly concentrated in the optimized development areas of sustainable agricultural development and is relatively fixed. However, with the development of agricultural resources, the concentrated areas will undergo certain changes. The above conclusions can provide reference for the management of photovoltaic agriculture and the formulation of relevant policies.