Since Newton published the color theory, the research of chromatics has really been on the right track, and has become the foundation of modern chromatics research. Looking through any mainstream chromatics works, the beginning of the book also points to the color system, which is the carrier of chromatics. Therefore, the study of Newton and Goethe's color theory and Runge's color view can know their respective directionality and connotation, and finally appear in Newton's physical color circle, Goethe's physiological color circle and Runge's color ball. Furthermore, based on the discussion of these three parts, we can also understand how the modern color system is preliminarily constructed.