Shakespeare’s play Romeo and Juliet has enormous amounts of botanic and herbal medicine knowledge, and large numbers of plant images that have been studied from many angles. This paper reviews how scholars in the English world interpret the rich plant images contained in Romeo and Juliet, so as to reveal knowledge and cognitive powers that Shakespeare’s plays convey to English readers. On the basis of the thorough review and rich analytical examples, the paper further examines the successful representations of these plant images and their cognitive powers in the translation of Romeo and Juliet by Fu Guangming who used annotation—a kind of thick translation.